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Existing Neuroanatomical Differences Associated with Substance Use in Children

2025-04-01 17:41:19 By Robert Rodriguez

THURSDAY, Jan. 9, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Preexisting neuroanatomical variability is associated with substance use initiation in children younger than 15 years, according to a study published online Dec. 30 in JAMA Network Open.

Dr. Alex P. Miller and his team from the Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis investigated the neuroanatomical characteristics linked to the early onset of substance use. They aimed to determine how these associations might indicate a preexisting vulnerability. Their cohort study utilized data collected from the baseline and followed participants for three years. The analysis included information from 9,804 children, with 35.3 percent of them reporting that they began using substances before turning 15.

The study found a correlation between the onset of substance or alcohol use and a reduced thickness of the cortex in prefrontal areas (such as the rostral middle frontal gyrus, β = –0.03), while showing an increased cortical thickness in other brain lobes, along with larger volumes of the globus pallidus and hippocampus, and enhanced overall brain structure indices (for instance, a larger total brain volume, β = 0.05). Additionally, initiating cannabis use was linked to a decreased volume in the right caudate (β = –0.03). Most of these associations, including the thinner prefrontal cortex and increased whole brain volume, were observed prior to substance initiation when analyzed in post hoc studies focused on events following the baseline.

The authors state, "A deeper comprehension of the connections between brain structure and substance use could reveal predispositional risk factors that shed light on the early origins of substance use disorders, as well as clinically relevant mechanisms that explain the various negative health outcomes linked to substance involvement."

You have been educated on information available until October 2023.

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Breton, a massive great white shark weighing 1,400 pounds, has made his way back to the shores of Florida.

View pictures in App save up to 80% data. A 13-foot great white shark made a return appearance to the Florida waters Wednesday. The over 1,400-pound male shark, named Breton, has been tracked by researchers since 2020 and last resurfaced near Florida on New Year’s Day in 2024. Breton left the Newfoundland coast in early December and made his way south down the East Coast, according to the OCEARCH tracker.  The marine science organization OCEARCH monitors a shark named Breton, who was initially tagged by scientists in September 2020 close to Scatarie Island in Nova Scotia. He became the first shark to be tagged during OCEARCH's expedition in 2020. Since then, Breton has journeyed an impressive 40,913 miles.  Breton has taken trips to Florida during this season in the past, and in 2022, he gained significant attention when his tag pings suggested he had crafted a self-portrait. The great white shark has traveled up and down the East Coast for the past five years and in 2023, he was “pinged” near the Pamlico Sound on North Carolina’s Outer Banks. Great white sharks range from Maine down to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Breton isn’t the only great white shark making his way south. Bob, another 13-foot male white shark, was pinged off the Florida coast on Jan. 5, according to the tracker.

How to view the first complete 'Wolf' moon of 2025 and the story behind its name

Full Moons are eagerly awaited occasions in the lunar calendar. Here’s how you can catch the first full 'Wolf Moon' of 2025. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. The 'Wolf Moon' is set to illuminate the night sky shortly. Skywatchers won't have to wait much longer for the first full Moon of the year to illuminate our night skies. A full Moon occurs when the side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully illuminated by the Sun. It rises around sunset and sets around sunrise. The upcoming full Moon is scheduled for Monday, January 13, 2025. It will attain its full phase at 10:26 PM GMT, although the times for moonrise will differ based on your specific location within the UK. The same side of the Moon always faces Earth. NASA says this is due to the interplay of gravity between the Earth and Moon slowing the moon into a rotation at the same speed it orbits Earth – a process known as being ‘tidally locked’. During the course of the lunar month, observers of the Moon can witness the movement of the terminator, which is the dividing line between the illuminated and dark portions of the lunar surface. When a full Moon occurs, the side of the Moon that faces Earth is completely illuminated. The term 'Wolf Moon' is derived from Native American traditions, where it was used to describe the first full moon of January. This name reflects the time of year when wolves were often heard howling in the cold winter nights, as they ventured out in search of food. The name has since been adopted into modern culture and is commonly used to refer to this specific full moon. The term "Wolf Moon" refers to the second full moon of the winter season and marks the first full moon of the new year. This name is thought to have come from Indigenous peoples in North America, as it was during this time that the sounds of wolves howling could often be heard in the night. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. The 'Wolf Moon' marks the initial full Moon of the new year. Dr. Darren Baskill, an astrophysicist at the University of Sussex, explains, “Some European cultures refer to the January Full Moon as the Wolf Moon, inspired by the haunting howls of wolves that echo through the winter as they hunt for sustenance.” “Wolves were hunted to extinction in the UK just 250 years ago, being Britain’s last apex predator to go extinct,” Baskill told BBC Science Focus. “But their presence is still remembered today through the oral tradition of the names of the Full Moon.” Every month features a unique name for its full Moon. For instance, June is known for its 'Strawberry Moon,' while September is referred to as the 'Corn Moon.' Full Moon schedule for the remainder of 2025. Monday, January 13 — Wolf Moon Wednesday, February 12 — Snow Moon Friday, March 14 — Worm Moon Saturday, April 12 — Pink Moon Monday, May 12 — Flower Moon Wednesday, June 11 — Strawberry Moon Thursday, July 10 — Buck Moon Saturday, August 9 — Sturgeon Moon Sunday, September 7 — Corn Moon Monday, October 6 — Hunter’s Moon (Supermoon) Wednesday, November 5 — Beaver Moon (Supermoon)

Rapid and Proficient Sea Ice Predictions

Artificial intelligence enables the creation of a highly efficient and proficient substitute for a coupled Arctic sea ice prediction model through the use of generative diffusion techniques. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. (Left) The figures display the sea ice divergence (a, e, and i), shear rate (b, f, and j), sea-ice concentration (c, g, and k), and the semidiurnal variation in sea ice thickness (d, h, and l) as modeled by neXtSIM (a–d), the deterministic emulated forecast (e–h), and an ensemble member from the residual diffusion forecast (i–l). These data are pertinent to the date of December 30, 2017, at 03:00 UTC, with a forecast lead time of 50 days. (Right) A sample of the pan-Arctic validation sea ice thickness, as simulated by neXtSIM for a snapshot from January 2015, is presented on the right, alongside the 64 × 64 grid point surrogate domain (indicated by the red box) for frames (a) to (l). Credit: Finn et al. [2024], Figures 1 and 6. Editors' Highlights provide concise overviews of the latest research articles published by the editors of AGU journals. Source: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Sea ice model surrogates developed during the past decade are disrupting polar forecasting at a pace akin to numerical methods developed at the dawn of computer-generated predictions of Earth’s frozen oceans. In 1964, Lieutenant William Knodle’s numerical implementation of Vasily Shuleikin’s equations for wind-driven drift beckoned rapid development of physically consistent daily Arctic ice edge forecasts. In their new study, Finn et al. [2024] used generative diffusion to illustrate the potential of a Lagrangian sea ice emulator to predict intraseasonal thickness, concentration, drift and deformation across the Arctic pack with the veracity of the numerical training model, but orders of magnitude faster. The authors added stochasticity to a deterministic surrogate of the neXtSIM Lagrangian sea ice model that was coupled to the NEMO ocean framework and forced with ERA5 atmospheric re-analyses. They trained a neural network to iteratively denoise to 1995-2014 neXtSIM simulations, tuned the resulting residual diffusion surrogate to 2015 neXtSIM output, and emulated neXtSIM 2016-2018 forecasts. The residual diffusion emulator closely mimicked observed multi-fractal sea ice deformation simulated by neXtSIM, in contrast to the simpler deterministic surrogate. Without supplying boundary conditions to the surrogate domain, diffusion surrogate forecasts produced sharp linear kinematic features and related sea ice concentration and thickness 50 days past initialization, as seen in figure above. The method beckons ensemble sea ice forecasts for a fraction of the computational cost of dynamical models.

Humans Emit Light, But It's Too Faint for Our Eyes to Detect

"The human body truly shines." View pictures in App save up to 80% data. It appears that the human body sparkles in sync with the circadian rhythm. Image credit: Mygate / Shutterstock.com. Living things have been known to glow thanks to a nifty trick called bioluminescence, but it’s something we more typically associate with animals of the deep sea than those stomping around surface-side. It may surprise you, then, to learn that bioluminescence has been detected in humans. That’s right, we glow in the dark – it’s just really, really, really faint. That was the discovery made by researchers in a 2009 study who used incredibly sensitive cameras to effectively watch naked people sleep. Bit creepy, sure, but it also shone a light on the light that we unknowingly emit. "The researchers noted that 'the human body actually emits a subtle glow.' As for the reason we can't perceive it? 'The brightness of the light released by the body is a thousand times dimmer than what our unaided eyes can detect.'" The shimmering phenomenon was noticed in five men in their twenties who were placed under standard light-dark settings and encouraged to take short naps in front of a cryogenic charge-coupled device (CCD) camera capable of sensing light down to the level of a single photon. The researchers pointed out that the camera needed to function at a temperature of –120 °C (-184 °F), but thankfully, the participants did not have to endure such extreme conditions. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. A. Overview of the experimental configuration. B–F. Photographs depicting ultraweak photon emissions from the human body, showcasing the subject illuminated by light. G. Calibration scale for the estimated radiation intensity on the skin's surface. H. Daily patterns of photon emission from the faces and bodies of 5 participants. I. A representative thermographic image of the subject from sections B-G. Image credit: Kobayashi et al., PLoS One 2009 (CC BY 4.0) They were, however, routinely sampled for saliva to measure cortisol levels, and had their surface and oral temperature checked before and after photon measurements were taken. Cortisol is a biomarker of endogenous circadian rhythms, which the researchers wanted to have tracked so that they could compare it against any changes observed on the camera. Interestingly, our natural radiance appears to fluctuate throughout the day, peaking in our facial glow. The driving force behind this variation is probably linked to our circadian rhythms. Chronobiology is a branch of science that studies cyclical physiological phenomena, and it’s established that the circadian clock is the main regulator of metabolism. We see it in the way we burn up glucose and consume oxygen, both of which – the researchers say – show robust rhythms in the main mammalian circadian center. The mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generate energy essential for our survival, but in the process, they also release small quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts. These ROS engage with various molecules such as proteins, lipids, and fluorophores, resulting in excited states that emit biophotons. This phenomenon is what causes "the human body to shimmer in harmony with the circadian clock." Oh, look at us, all dressed up! Bioluminescence relies on enzymatic activity to glow, but there’s also another way that living things can glow and we’re increasingly finding it in more and more species.

Traffic Notice: Vale Street (January 9 & 13)

Weather permitting, on Thursday, January 9th, work crews from the Hagerstown Light Department will be replacing a utility pole on Vale Street.  In order to give the crews space to perform the work, a temporary street closure will be required.   Therefore, beginning at 9:00 AM, Vale Street will be closed to traffic between Security Road and Jefferson Street.  Motorists approaching the closure will be required to detour via other City streets, and will encounter cones, barricades, and other traffic control devices.  It is anticipated that the work will be completed, and the street reopened to traffic, by 1:30 Thursday afternoon.  This same closure will be repeated on January 13th, weather permitting.   Emergency vehicles will not be able to pass through Vale Street while the closure is in effect. For any inquiries related to this advisory, please reach out to the Hagerstown Light Department at 301-739-8577, extension 578.    View pictures in App save up to 80% data.

Researchers discuss concerning potential consequences of a reversal in Earth's magnetic field, while NASA remains vigilant about a 'dent' in the magnetic shield.

It has the potential to inflict significant harm. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. There are countless factors that contribute to Earth's ability to support human life and a vast array of other organisms. However, one crucial element stands out: the planet's magnetic field. A protective blanket surrounding Earth, it does the business and more when it comes to protecting life from nasty storms heading towards the planet. Most of that comes from the Sun in the form of solar wind. If we didn't have the magnetic field, we'd suffer a fate similar to what Mars looks like nowadays. Cold, barren, and ultimately all the telltale signs of a planet that used to have life. It is this magnetic field that has recently got NASA scientists on high alert following the identification of a 'dent' in the protective cover; an area known as the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). At the heart of Earth's magnetic field lie the magnetic poles, located at the northern and southern extremes of the planet. These poles function as pivotal points in a never-ending circuit, allowing invisible magnetic field lines to flow continuously. The video below offers a visual representation of this phenomenon: What would occur if it were to reverse? Would humanity manage to cope if this event took place while we inhabit the Earth? This occurrence takes place roughly once every hundred thousand years in the timeline of Earth's development. Reversing the magnetic field Since the beginning of Earth as we know it, scientists reckon there has been at least 183 occasions where the planet's magnetic poles have flipped. The timing of their flipping is completely unpredictable, occurring at intervals ranging from 10,000 years to as long as 50 million years. It's quite a vast range of time! The most recent magnetic pole reversal occurred 780,000 years ago, an event known as the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. The planet Earth is enveloped by a magnetic field (Getty Stock Images) Will it turn again in the near future? The South Atlantic Anomaly has raised concerns that we may be approaching this situation once more. Initially identified in 1958, the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a region where the Earth's magnetic field is notably less intense compared to its surrounding areas. Extending from South America across the southern Atlantic Ocean to Africa, this region covers a vast expanse of the Earth. Essentially, this signifies that this segment of the planet has reduced shielding from cosmic hazards compared to other areas (which also applies to satellites traversing this orbiting zone). A 2018 study suggests that the next flip is not expected to occur in the near future. Richard Holme from the University of Liverpool stated, "There have been discussions suggesting that we may soon face a magnetic polar reversal or excursion." "Nonetheless, our analysis of the last two major excursion events, which occurred around 31,400 and 34,000 years ago, reveals that neither of these events bears any similarity to the current shifts in the geomagnetic field. Consequently, it seems improbable that a similar occurrence is imminent." "Our findings indicate that the presently weakened field is expected to bounce back without the occurrence of a drastic event, making a reversal improbable." View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Is it possible for the north to transform into the south? (Getty Stock Images) If the Earth's magnetic field were to flip, a phenomenon known as geomagnetic reversal, several potential impacts could occur. First, the magnetic field protects the planet from solar and cosmic radiation. A weakened or altered magnetic field during a flip might allow more radiation to reach the Earth's surface, which could affect electronic systems and increase radiation exposure for living organisms. Additionally, navigational systems that rely on magnetic compasses might be thrown off, creating challenges for wildlife that depend on magnetic cues for migration. The flip could also influence atmospheric conditions, possibly leading to changes in weather patterns. However, it's important to note that geomagnetic reversals are natural processes that have occurred many times throughout Earth's history, and life has persisted through these events. While there may be some short-term disruptions, the long-term effects are still a subject of scientific study. This would be quite troubling news, as it would lead to significant changes in our way of life. Jean-Pierre Valet, a geomagnetic reversal researcher at the Institute of Earth Physics in Paris, stated, "One of the most significant effects observed during pole reversals is a substantial reduction in the overall intensity of the magnetic field." In other terms, we would face a significant reduction in the overall shielding provided by the magnetic field. Considering that the reversal process spans from 1,000 to 10,000 years, this duration would likely result in considerable losses over an extended period. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. The Earth's magnetic field (Getty Stock Images / NASA) Monika Korte, the scientific director of the Niemegk Geomagnetic Observatory at GFZ Potsdam in Germany, explained, "The transition is not abrupt; instead, it unfolds gradually. Initially, the magnetic field's strength diminishes, likely becoming more intricate and potentially exhibiting multiple poles for a period. Eventually, it regains strength and realigns in the opposite direction." During this 1,000 to 10,000-year period, humans may find themselves at their most susceptible, possibly experiencing heightened impacts from solar storms that could adversely affect us on Earth, leading to a rise in skin cancer incidents. Regarding the possibility of it being an extinction-level event, scientists remain uncertain, with many expressing skepticism. Korte elaborated: "Even if the magnetic field weakens considerably, the atmosphere protects us from radiation at the Earth's surface. Just as we cannot perceive or sense the geomagnetic field at present, we are unlikely to detect any substantial changes during a reversal." Although we may not face extinction from the perils of outer space, our technology would suffer greatly. Satellites could be disabled, GPS systems would be inoperable, and widespread power failures could occur worldwide. Such occurrences could severely impact life on our planet, interfering with food supply, healthcare systems, international transportation, and internet connectivity. The silver lining is that these changes unfold slowly, allowing humanity the opportunity to respond as challenges emerge.

Boeing Starliner crew members continue to stay occupied aboard the ISS, yet they express a desire to return home in the future.

View pictures in App save up to 80% data. On Wednesday, January 8, 2025, NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore, Nick Hague, Don Pettit, and Suni Williams engaged in a conversation from the International Space Station with NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy. (NASA) Having officially spent seven months aboard the International Space Station, the two NASA astronauts who traveled on Boeing's Starliner last June are preparing for a hectic schedule in the new year as they anticipate their return flight in the spring. Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams reached the International Space Station (ISS) on June 5 aboard the Starliner. However, they stayed on the station after NASA opted to return the spacecraft without its crew due to safety concerns. The two astronauts connected with fellow NASA members Nick Hague and Don Pettit for a conversation from the ISS with NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy on Wednesday. “I’d like to request Butch and Suni to clarify once and for all the questions that reporters keep bombarding me with regarding your situation. They’re worried about you being stranded, lacking clothes, and food,” Nelson stated. “Could you please put these concerns to rest for good? I sincerely hope you won’t have to address this again. How are you both doing?” Wilmore stepped in to clarify that during the duo's initial flight on Starliner, which was initially intended to last just eight days, they encountered some clothing challenges. This was due to Starliner needing to transport emergency equipment to ensure the bathroom was operational, resulting in the pair having to forgo some of their personal items. “It was common knowledge that we arrived here and exchanged a few components we required on the space station for some of our clothing. We ended up wearing those clothes for a period, but it didn't inconvenience us at all. Up here, clothes are more relaxed in fit. Unlike on Earth, where sweating can make things uncomfortable, here they are loose enough that you can wear them for weeks without any issue.” Since the arrival of Crew-9 last fall, the duo has been provided with a new wardrobe, according to him, and this mission will ultimately serve as the return journey for Williams and Wilmore. He also mentioned that everyone on the vessel is well-nourished. "I've never witnessed anyone consume as much food as Don Pettit does. It's incredible to see this man eat, especially considering how slim he is. It's truly a delight to behold," Wilmore remarked. Melroy reaffirmed her commitment to dispelling the “stranded” narrative that has circulated in various media outlets regarding the prolonged stay of the Starliner astronauts. “So what you're saying is that you're not tapping into 'Cast Away,' and you don't possess a volleyball marked with a handprint that you refer to as Wilson,” Melroy remarked. Williams, currently serving as the commander for what is now Expedition 72, remarked that there is an overwhelming amount of work to focus on, leaving little room for such contemplations. “Not at all, we have a full team here, so that’s not a concern. Plus, there’s plenty of work to tackle with the crew down below,” she mentioned. “We conducted numerous scientific experiments during SpaceX’s cargo resupply mission 31. Upcoming spacewalks are on the agenda as well. Things were quite hectic while we awaited Nick (Hague) to arrive. It’s truly been a pleasure working up here, especially alongside our colleagues on the opposite side of the space station.” Williams and Hague are scheduled to undertake at least one spacewalk later this month, while Wilson and Wilmore may participate in a second one the following week. “It’s an amazing team, and honestly, it doesn’t feel like we’re isolated. Sure, we want to return home eventually, since we’ve been away from our families for some time, but there’s plenty to accomplish while we’re here,” Williams remarked. “We need to finish all our tasks before we can head back.” The astronauts of Starliner were formally integrated into the Crew-9 team when the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom docked on September 29, piloted by Commander Hague, accompanied by mission specialist Aleksandr Gorbunov from Roscosmos. The two astronauts traveled with two vacant seats, allowing Wilmore and Williams to catch a ride back home. Crew-9 will remain at the International Space Station until Crew-10 arrives, which is scheduled to launch in late March. This suggests that Crew-9 might not come back to Earth until early April, as there typically is a handoff period of about a week following the arrival of a replacement crew. Consequently, Wilmore and Williams could end up spending nearly 10 months aboard the spacecraft. NASA's Pettit has joined the team after arriving via a Soyuz spacecraft, and he is scheduled to head back home on the same vehicle in March. This week, Williams has ascended to the second position for the total number of days spent in space by a NASA astronaut. With a remarkable 538 days accumulated over three missions to the ISS since 2006, she now follows in the footsteps of Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut and current Axiom Space employee, who has an impressive record of over 675 days in space. Whitson is also set to add to her total as she prepares to take command of the Axiom 4 mission later this year.

Artificial intelligence enhances the capabilities of robots for improved underwater exploration.

View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Image source: Unsplash+ The ocean represents one of the final vast frontiers on our planet, encompassing over 70% of its surface while still being mostly uncharted. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are revolutionizing exploration by delving into the depths without the need for human operators. These autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are employed for tasks such as mapping the ocean floor, investigating marine ecosystems, and even locating shipwrecks or valuable minerals. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), these robotic submarines are evolving to become increasingly intelligent and proficient. AUVs function in demanding conditions where direct human oversight is often unfeasible. The ocean is expansive, dimly lit, and rife with unpredictable currents. Conventional AUVs depended on preset commands, limiting their ability to adjust to unforeseen circumstances. Artificial intelligence is transforming this field by enabling autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to independently make decisions, adapt, and react to their surroundings in real time. An intriguing advancement has emerged from MIT researchers, who have developed AI systems for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that leverage machine learning to assess their environments and modify their operational objectives accordingly. For instance, an AUV used for mapping coral reefs is now capable of identifying significant areas, like thriving or compromised coral, allowing it to concentrate its data collection efforts in those locations. This approach optimizes both time and energy, resulting in more valuable insights. AI enhances navigation capabilities significantly. When it comes to underwater environments, GPS is ineffective as satellite signals cannot reach through water. To determine their location, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) rely on various sensors, including sonar and cameras. Artificial intelligence aids in analyzing this data to produce precise representations of the ocean floor. In a particular research project, a group of scientists employed AI to instruct autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) on how to navigate around obstacles such as rocks and submerged structures, enabling them to safely investigate more intricate environments. A significant advancement has been made in swarm intelligence, which involves multiple AUVs collaborating as a cohesive unit. Drawing inspiration from the behavior of fish schools, scientists are creating AI algorithms that enable these AUV groups to synchronize their actions autonomously, without the need for human oversight. These swarms have the capability to efficiently cover extensive regions, making them ideal for tasks like detecting oil spills or overseeing marine ecosystems. An illustrative case is the European Union's initiative known as “SwarmDiver,” which showcased how compact and lightweight autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can collaborate to monitor underwater pollution levels or fluctuations in water temperature. AI is enhancing the way we collect and analyze data. Underwater ecosystems generate vast quantities of information, including video recordings and chemical assessments. Conducting a manual analysis of this data can require several months. Thanks to AI, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) can analyze data in real-time, allowing them to detect significant patterns or irregularities. This capability is especially beneficial in fields such as underwater archaeology, where AI aids in discovering artifacts or shipwrecks through the examination of sonar imagery. In marine science, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with artificial intelligence are assisting scientists in tracking climate change. These advanced robots gather essential data regarding water temperature, salinity, and current patterns, offering vital information on the evolving state of the oceans. They have also been utilized to monitor fish population migrations, investigate deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and study the behaviors of rare marine species. Nonetheless, challenges persist. AUVs must function for extended durations without surfacing, leading to ongoing constraints related to battery longevity. Additionally, AI algorithms depend on consistent data to make informed decisions; however, underwater environments—characterized by murky visibility or powerful currents—can disrupt sensor accuracy. Moreover, keeping in touch with AUVs poses challenges since radio waves do not propagate effectively beneath the water's surface, while acoustic signals tend to have slower transmission rates. In spite of these challenges, the capabilities of AI-driven AUVs are vast. They are making significant contributions to scientific research while also aiding sectors such as offshore energy and maritime security. For example, AUVs can conduct inspections of underwater pipelines or oversee ports for potential threats, undertaking tasks that would be too perilous or costly for human operators. Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing our exploration and comprehension of the oceanic realm. These intelligent machines are paving the way for new avenues of discovery, ranging from safeguarding marine environments to uncovering resources hidden in the depths of the sea. As innovation progresses, they might even assist in unraveling some of the ocean's most profound enigmas. The prospects for underwater exploration are promising, and with artificial intelligence at the forefront, we are nearing the revelation of the mysteries that lie beneath the waves.

Consensus Guidelines for Histological and Clinical Reporting in HS

View pictures in App save up to 80% data. The following is a summary of “Standardized Protocols for Clinical and Histopathological Characterization of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Tissue Specimens,” published in the January 2025 issue of Dermatology by Sampath et al.  The absence of standardized protocols for the description and reporting of clinical and histological features of skin tissue samples from patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) impedes consistent data collection, documentation, and communication. This is essential for advancing translational research, even in light of a recent agreement on the morphology of HS lesions.   A team of researchers carried out a retrospective analysis aimed at developing a standardized protocol for documenting the histopathological and clinical features of HS tissue samples.   A study was conducted between May 2023 and August 2023, involving specialists in clinical care, dermatopathology, and translational research. In total, 27 experts took part, comprising 14 dermatologists, 3 fellowship-trained dermatopathologists, 3 plastic surgeons, 3 general surgeons, and 4 research scientists. The researchers employed a modified Delphi technique to create a protocol aimed at histologic reporting and clinical characterization of tissue samples from patients diagnosed with HS.    The findings indicated that a total of 27 specialists were involved in the creation and assessment of protocols for the clinical and histopathological analysis of HS tissue samples. This cohort comprised 14 dermatologists (51.9%), 3 dermatopathologists with fellowship training (11.1%), 3 plastic surgeons (11.1%), 3 general surgeons (11.1%), and 4 research scientists (14.8%).   Researchers determined that the structured protocols, delivered in the form of a summary report, would promote uniform classification of HS specimens in biobanks according to their histological characteristics. This would lead to improved accuracy in reporting and the selection of samples for translational research initiatives.  You have been educated on information available until October 2023.

NASA astronauts who have been stuck in space for several months have provided an update on their current situation.

Washington DC - Two astronauts who have been stuck for months on the International Space Station (ISS) said Wednesday they have plenty of food, are not facing a laundry crisis, and don't yet feel like castaways. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Two astronauts who have been stuck for months on the International Space Station (ISS) said Wednesday they have plenty of food, are not facing a laundry crisis, and don't yet feel like castaways.  ©  Veteran astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams arrived at the ISS in June aboard Boeing's Starliner spacecraft and were due to spend only eight days on the orbiting laboratory. But problems with the Starliner's propulsion system prompted NASA to change plans, with a return flight now scheduled for late March at the earliest. Williams mentioned that morale remained elevated, even with the unanticipated extended duration in space. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Environment and Climate Tibet hit by massive earthquake that kills over 100 people "It's truly been a pleasure to be working up here," he remarked in a conversation with NASA officials. "It doesn't seem like we're stranded," he remarked. "In the end, we do want to return home since we left our loved ones not too long ago, but we have plenty of tasks to accomplish while we're here." Wilmore laughed softly as he provided comfort regarding the availability of food. "We have had enough to eat," he remarked. He clarified that the laundry needs are also not similar to those on Earth.   View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Veteran astronauts Butch Wilmore (l.) and Suni Williams arrived at the ISS in June aboard Boeing's Starliner spacecraft and were due to spend only eight days on the orbiting laboratory.  ©  "The clothing here is designed to be quite loose. Unlike on Earth, where sweating can make things uncomfortable, here it’s all about comfort. The garments are so loosely fitted that you can wear them for weeks without any issues," he explained. After the propulsion problems developed, NASA ultimately decided to return the spacecraft to Earth without its crew, and to bring the two stranded astronauts back home with the members of the SpaceX Crew-9 mission. In late September, Crew-9's two astronauts reached the ISS via a Dragon spacecraft, leaving two vacant seats for Wilmore and Williams. The intention was for all four to make their way back to Earth in February 2025. View pictures in App save up to 80% data. Environment and Climate Melting Antarctic ice may awaken dormant volcanoes beneath the surface However, the return was delayed last month following NASA's announcement that Crew-10, set to replace Crew-9 and the two stranded astronauts, would not launch before March 2025, meaning both teams will stay aboard for a transitional phase. Based on the provided schedules, Wilmore and Williams are set to spend over nine months in outer space.  